The Tree Nymphs of the Hellenic Mythic Tradition
The Hamadryads were Nymphs/Spirits that were born and lived inside Oaks and other trees. When the tree was cut down or destroyed the Hamadryad dies or goes to another tree and curses/punish the one who did it.
According to the mythical tradition, there was also a punishment by the Gods for those who do so. A known example in Erysichthon of Thesally. When he decided to build his palace in the sacred grove of the goddess Demeter, he ordered his men to cut down all the trees included a sacred oak. The men refused so Erysichthon took an axe and cut the tree himself, killing the nymph of the tree. Her last words was a curse to Erysichthon.His punishment was eternal hunger.
Some names of Hamadryads are :
Atlanteia, Chrysopeleia, Dryope, Byblis, Phobe etc
Also several trees in Hellas still names after Hamadryads. Some examples:
Karya (Walnut), Balanos (Oak), Ptelea (Elm), Morea (Mulberry), Kraneia (Dogwood) etc
SEE ALSO:
The Importance of Forest in European Religion
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